An American Abroad

Istanbul: Karaköy

Karaköy is grittier than Sultanahmet, with small shops, cafes, narrow streets, graffiti, studios, music stores, vintage clothing boutiques, and picturesquely derelict buildings. In other words, my kind of place.

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After a trolley ride across the Golden Horn, I looked back across the waterway at the Haggia Sophia.

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I then followed the steeply sloping streets up into an old residential district and then back down to the waterfront.

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I really liked this guy’s wood-fired multi-pot coffee maker.

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This sheep has been dyed with henna to symbolize innocence. It is presumably taking its last walk before winding up as dinner at someone’s Eid celebration.

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This family was begging on the street. I didn’t see very many people in this condition.

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I snuck a picture inside a vintage clothing store.

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Up this road and just around the bend is a side street that contains one of Istanbul’s red light districts.

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Once upon a time it was open to all and frequented by sailors from all over the world. Recently, however, the street has been closed to foreigners. A guard stands at the metal door to the brothel street, inspecting ID cards. No Turkish ID, no entry. This is presumably an innovation of the Erdoğan government, which has been pushing Turkey in a more religious and conservative direction.

Istanbul: Sultanahmet

The Blue Mosque, the Haggia Sophia, and the Grand Bazar: the big three Istanbul tourist attractions are all located in the Sultanahmet neighborhood. But at the time I was there, the Haggia Sophia and the Grand Bazar were closed for Eid weekend. So I wandered around the area, seeing what I could see. It’s definitely touristy, but still well done.

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I decided that when I die, I’d very much like to have a gravestone like this (although possibly with a Golden Retriever instead of a lion).

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I was able to walk around the exterior courtyards of the Blue Mosque, but there was a two-hour wait to get inside. With my time so limited, I decided to forgo such a visit this time, but still got a few photos.

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I passed by the Burned Column, where a statue of Constantine once stood. There’s not much left of old Constantine here now, the statue of him having long ago been pulled off the column and destroyed.

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Nearby is the Nurusmaniye Mosque, which has the nicest public bathrooms I have ever seen.

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I zig-zagged my way back to Aksaray, looking down steep streets toward the Sea of Marmara.

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Istanbul: Aksaray

As I walked through my residential neighborhood at 5:45 Friday morning, I heard the unexpected bleating of sheep waking up on one of their last days on earth. Eid is not a good time to be a sheep in Tunisia. Mr. Dahoud picked me up right on schedule and we drove north out of Sousse toward Tunis and the Carthage International Airport. As the sun rose over the sea to our east, I saw huge stork nests atop high tension towers by the roadside.

It was my first time leaving Tunisia and I was anxious. I’d heard stories about the government not allowing people to take money out of the country and about people being forced to pay a exit fee (or, as the government here calls it in true Orwellian style, to purchase a Solidarity Stamp). I had no such problems, however, and breezed through the exit queue.

I flew Turkish Airlines, a first for me, and was impressed. The plane was a new 737-800, the crew was gracious, the meal was good (and served with metal cutlery!), and the check-in clerk must have decided that since I was the tallest guy on the plane, I needed to be in the exit row seat with twice the usual legroom. After an easy two-hour flight over the eastern Mediterranean we touched down in Istanbul and taxied past jets of unfamiliar liveries: Solinair, MNG, Etihad, Air Moldova, Orunair, Aeroflot. We took our spot between Iraqi Airways and Air Serbia. Nearby was an Ilyushin Il-76, an ugly but tough old bird, done up in the colors of Turkmenistan Airlines. Turkey’s in an interesting neighborhood.

My hotel was in Aksaray, a commercial/residential neighborhood. Directly across from where I stayed was this convenience store.

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Most of the little stores like this I saw in Istanbul were well-stocked, well-maintained, artfully merchandised, and actually pleasing to the eye. Here’s another example from nearby.

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A short walk brought me to the trolley line was to be the central artery of my stay. I saw a number of sidewalk vendors selling the latest thing to hit Istanbul: a toy I knew in my youth as Spirograph.

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There were also bootblacks whose equipment was the fanciest I’ve ever seen.

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Note in the above pictures how well-dressed the men are. This is typical of what I saw. Even street vendors and working men often wear suit jackets. This was the first city I’ve visited where the men generally dress more stylishly than the women.

The streets were generally clean, perhaps owing in part to these cool underground public trash compactors.

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In the last year, I’ve become interested in the world of late antiquity, so I wanted to see the city of Constantine, Justinian, and Theodosius. Time didn’t permit me to do much of that, unfortunately. There are, however, ruins scattered here and there. This is all that’s left of the Triumphal Arch of Theodosius from the fourth century BCE. I thought the sperm-shaped design on the column was unusual, though I’m hardly well-versed enough to know that for sure.

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Istanbul struck me as a mix of London cool, Paris style, and Chicago feel. As in Chicago, the main streets are broad and the buildings have a confident, muscular look to them.

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Later, I reflected that for some students of antiquity, Istanbul was to Rome as Chicago was to New York: the Second City, the city of broad shoulders.

Journey Back to Sousse

The journey back from Sidi Bou Saïd began on a light rail metro that connects Tunis to its northern suburbs. Some kids were having fun prying the doors open and hanging out of the train, or getting off at each station and then running back in once the train began to move again.

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On the short walk from the light rail station to the inter-city train station, I caught a few more glimpses of Tunis, a city I’ve now been through three times but have yet to explore in any depth.

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But apparently it has hipsters.

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The train trip back to Sousse began uneventfully right around dusk. An hour later and about halfway home, however, the train died without warning. The engine shut down and the power went off. It was dark out and there were no lights or signs of settlements outside the train. The emergency lighting was feeble, just a few faintly-glowing bulbs that collectively put out fewer lumens than a bathroom nightlight. There were no official announcements of any kind, no conductors walking through the cars to check on people.

And so we waited while the temperature in the car climbed.

The people in my first-class carriage were in a jovial mood. I was traveling with one of my Amideast colleagues, David Thompson, who struck up a conversation with some of the people seated around us. Of course, being from America in this part of the world is a great conversation-starter. I was tired from the day of sightseeing and wasn’t in the mood to chat, but I listened in the dark, trying to follow the flow of Arabic, French, and English. The German man seated behind me was drawn into the conversation. I heard a question posed to him, one I’ve heard more often in Tunisia than in Asia or the US: “What religion are you?”

The German man said he really didn’t have a religion.

This provoked expressions of surprise from his interlocutors.

“So what do you believe?” a young man asked him. “You can’t just believe in nothing!”

I was glad when the conversation turned to other topics.

After about an hour, a rumor swept through the darkened carriage, namely, that another train was coming to take the Sousse-bound passengers to their destination. Though I was skeptical at first, this turned out to be true. We gathered our belongings and made our way to the platform between cars to disembark. The darkness outside was disorienting, as was the one-meter drop from the carriage onto the tracks. Again, there were no railway employees to be seen and no step-stools to make getting down onto the rocky ballast easier. A young Tunisian man and I volunteered to help a plump woman out of the carriage. As she stood sideways in the doorway, the other guy reached up and grabbed her around her waist in front while I grabbed her from behind. On three, we lifted her out of the carriage and set her safely down.

The rescue train had electricity, lights, and air conditioning. As we settled into our new seats, a woman in our new carriage began to wail and sob uncontrollably. I never did find out why. That dampened what had been, up to that point, a pretty upbeat mood among the passengers.

A few days later, I heard a tale from a colleague at work that some people on our train had been robbed while we were stalled on the tracks. The story was that a group of guys walked through the darkened carriages and took people’s luggage from right under their noses. Was that why the woman was sobbing? Given my own experience with theft aboard the same train, the story didn’t seem impossible, but I was never able to verify it.

We finally got back to Sousse about two hours late. Even with the hassle on the train ride home, it was a fine trip.

Sidi Bou Saïd: Ennejma Ezzahra

The last stop for me in Sidi Bou Saïd was a tour of Ennejma Ezzahra (The Star of Venus), the grand villa built in 1912 by Baron Rodolphe d’Erlanger. Photography isn’t allowed inside the villa, but here are the views of the approach and a shot from inside the villa looking out.

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The baron was a painter, an enthusiastic proponent of Arab culture, and a musicologist. As The Rough Guide to Tunisia notes, he “was one of the moving spirits behind the important inaugural Congress on Arab Music, held in Cairo in 1932, the first time Arab music had been treated as a whole and as a culture heritage worthy of both study and preservation.” He collected many traditional musical instruments, published a journal devoted to Arab music, and painted many portraits of Arab musicians. He wrote a six-volume treatise on the history of Arab music and maintained his own private orchestra. Fittingly, his villa today is now known as The Center of Arab and Mediterranean Music. It houses the Baron’s collection of instruments and is used regularly as a performance venue.

One of the most interesting feature of the villa is a water channel that runs through the entrance hall to the formerly open-air (now covered) plaza where performances take place. Apparently the Baron believed that the sound of gently flowing water enhanced the aural experience.

The villa itself would be a must-see on anyone’s Sidi Bou Saïd itinerary as a showcase for various Arab design styles. There is a cedar-ceilinged room built from wood imported from Lebanon. There are alabaster lamps built right into marble walls. Every room has a pleasing symmetry to it; it you see a bed built into one side of a room, you can bet that there will be an identical bed built into the opposite side. The villa was used as a location for a film adaptation of Lawrence Durrell’s Justine.

There is also an fascinating story about the Baron’s son, Leo d’Erlanger and his American wife that is recounted in a wonderful 1987 New York Times article:

As the stuff of romance, Edwina Prue’s story was hard to beat. There she was, a poor girl from America in a railroad station in London in the 1920’s when a nobleman saw her and fell in love with her. He did not introduce himself, but later traced her to her home in the United States, sent her orchids and a letter, and eventually married her.

And so Miss Edwina Prue, born in New York and brought up on a ranch in New Mexico, became Baroness Edwina d’Erlanger, wife of Baron Leo d’Erlanger. She is a widow now, after 47 years of marriage, in her 80’s and spending her time, variously, in Geneva, in London and in a palace here [in Sidi Bou Saïd] that many rate as one of North Africa’s treasures.

I hope to return sometime for a concert in this incredible space.

Sidi Bou Saïd: Around Town, Part 2

The area around Sidi Bou Saïd was settled in ancient times. There are fragments of some Punic flooring here, suggesting that there were villas there even in the third century BCE. It’s located amid what remains of Carthage, a great metropolis before it was destroyed by Rome in 146 BCE. The town was established in the 13th century, but the buildings that stand here today generally date back only to the 19th and 20th centuries. The main street winds up a hill to a cliff from which I looked out across the Bay of Tunis all the way to Cap Bon. It’s a well-scrubbed town, clean and well-kept. I tend to like a little more grit and decay, but there’s no denying Sidi Bou’s charms.

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Sidi Bou Saïd: Around Town, Part 1

After touring the Dar El Annabi, I went walking around the town. In 1912, an eccentric French painter and musicologist, Baron Rodolphe d’Erlanger, built an enormous Moorish villa in town and then compelled the town to adopt a by-law mandating that all houses be painted blue and white. The result is either charming or a bit de trop, depending on one’s point of view. The town presents dozens of picture-perfect scenes, but it’s also a tourist trap where the souk sells the same t-shirts and mass-produced ceramics that can be bought elsewhere in Tunisia. Even so, Sidi Bou is well worth the trip.

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Sidi Bou Saïd: The Dar El Annabi

On Sunday, I traveled by taxi, train, bus, and light rail trolley to Sidi Bou Saïd, a pretty town nestled on the coast amid the few remnant ruins of Carthage. This trip was not about ancient archaeology, but about the artists and writers who visited or stayed and, for a time, made Sidi Bou Saïd famous among the continental intelligentsia. Paul Klee, Simone de Beauvoir, Albert Camus, Andre Gide, Flaubert, and Cervantes all made their way there.

Almost as soon as I arrived, I toured the Dar El Annabi, a traditional Tunisian house originally owned by a local mufti. Some of its 55 rooms are still occupied by the mufti’s grandson, a cardiologist. It’s a fascinating look at Tunisian design and artistic sensibilities. These pictures were all taken inside his house.

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And for those wondering where Sidi Bou Saïd is, I was here:

Musée Archeologique d’El Jem

After exploring El Jem’s Roman amphitheater and the town that surrounds it, we went to the archaeological museum. Roman mosaics excavated nearby constitute 95% of its exhibits. That single-mindedness works, since what the museum lacks in breadth it more than makes up for in breadth. Again I was struck by how long these pieces have endured and wondered what of our own culture will be exhibited two thousand years from now.

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El Jem: The Roman Amphitheater

In the second century CE, Tunisia was part of the African breadbasket of the Roman Empire. El Jem, in this pre-Arab world, was called Thysdrus and was something of a vacation spot for merchants who had gotten rich from the olive oil trade. As the wealthy are wont to do, they compelled the government to erect grand public works that would bring fame and prestige to their town. And so a Roman amphitheater with an audience capacity of between 30,000 and 43,000 was constructed in what even then was a small town, making it the Foxboro Stadium of its day. According to The Rough Guide to Tunisia, it is now “the single most impressive Roman monument in Africa.”

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The tallest building in today’s El Jem is two stories tall. It’s therefore a jolt to walk around a corner and see the monumental ruins of the amphitheater. It makes me wonder whether any of the grand structures we build today will still be around in 1,800 years.

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The amphitheater is still used for concerts and other performances, most notably the summertime International Festival of Symphonic Music. The festival recently closed for the season, but I hope to return for a concert next year; the amphitheater would be a spectacular place for an evening concert. The ruins have also been used as a location for various movies, including Monty Python’s Life of Brian.

My traveling companions were AMIDEAST’s fixer extraordinaire, Malek, and his friend Amine. The three of us paid our admission fee (as Tunisian nationals, they paid only 8 dinars while I had to pay 10) and began to explore.

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The guidebooks I’ve consulted agree that the El Jem amphitheater is better preserved than the Colosseum in Rome. Not having been to Rome, except to change planes, I wouldn’t know. But it was amazing to see the hundreds of interior stone arches that are precisely fitted, as opposed to mortared, together.

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According to local legend, the amphitheater was where Kahina, a Berber queen, led an heroic last stand against the Arab invaders in the seventh century. The structure was damaged again by war in the seventeenth century. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

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Below is some of the oldest graffiti I saw carved into the ruins. I searched for obscene Roman scrawls (maybe something like “Lavinia futui vult in asino”), but in vain.

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There are tunnels running under the complex where wild animals were kept in cages, which could then be hoisted up to the stage so that the crowds could enjoy the spectacle of watching them tear each other (or hapless people) apart. The wildlife present now is considerably tamer.

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